The human microbiome is composed of complex and dynamic microbial communities. It is more likely that the community characteristics, such as composition and metagenomic functionality are responsible for disease development as opposed to single organisms, thus, proving urine culture to be an extremely ineffective method of diagnosis. Over the past decade, the study of the human microbiome and its relation to health and disease has flourished due to the technological advances of microbiology testing. Source
Most PCR-based diagnostic efforts focus heavily on defining optimal uropathogen colony counts to diagnose UTIs. Meanwhile, very minimal diagnostic efforts are devoted to identifying a specific antibiotic treatment to eradicate the infection. Source